Important Points of NCERT
1. 1770: Joseph Priestley - Essential role of air in the growth of the green plant.
2. 1774: Joseph Priestley - Discovered Oxygen
3. 1831: Robert Brown-Ist discovered and described the nucleus.
4. 1838 : Schleiden (German Botanist) - Work on plants.
5. 1839 : Schwann(British Zoologist) - Work on both plants & animals.
6. 1855: Rudolf Virchow - Omnis cellula-e-cellula (cells arise from pre-existing cells).
7. Life originates from pre-existing life: Pasteur (Yeast).
8. Life originates from non-living (decaying & rotting matter): Spontaneous generation.
9. Life originates from pre-existing non-living organic molecules (RNA, Protein)- Oparin (Russia) & Haldane (England)- Chemical Evolution.
10. 1856 - 1863: Mendal experiment on garden pea. (7 years)
11. 1860: Julius von Sachs - Developed hydroponics.
12. 1865: Mendel published his work.
13. 1866: Langdon Down - Down’s syndrome.
14. 1869: Friedrich Meischer - Ist identified DNA and named it nuclein.
15. 1891: Henking - Discovered X-body.
16. 1891: Fossil discovered in Java - Homo erectus.
17. 1892: Ivanowsky - Discovered virus.
18. 1898: Beijerinek - Contagium vivum fluidum (infectious living fluid).
19. 1898: Camillo Golgi - Discovered (observed) G.B.
20. 1900: Three botanists - Hugo DeVries, Carl Correns, and Erich von Tschermak independently rediscovered Mendel’s results.
21. 1902: Chromosome movement during meiosis has been worked out.
22. 1905: Law of limiting factor (Blackmann).
23. 1928: Fredrick Griffith - Transforming experiment with Streptococcus pneumoniae (Diplococcus).
24. 1935: Stanley - Crystallised viruses.
25. 1937: Ramde o Misra obtained Ph.D. in Ecology from Lee ds University (U.K.).
26. 1938: Coelocanth fish caught in South Africa.
27. 1945: Fleming, Chain & Florey - Awarded Nobel prize.
28. 1950: Watson obtained Ph.D. in a study of the effect of hard X-rays on bacteriophage multiplication.
29. 1951: Family planning program started in India.
30. 1952: Hershey & Chase experiment on bacteriophage or Bacterial virus gives unequivocal proof that DNA is the genetic material.
31. 1953: Miller experiment - Methane, ammonia, hydrogen & water vapor.
32. 1953: Watson & Crick - Double helical structure of B-DNA &
replication scheme.
33. 1953: Palade: Discovered ribosome.
34. 1954: Ramachandran - Triple helical model of collagen, published
in Nature.
35. 1954: Crick completes d Ph.D. on a thesis “X-rays diffraction :
polypeptides and proteins.
36. 1958: Meselson & Stahl - Work on E.coli proves semiconservative
replication of DNA in prokaryotes.
37. 1958: Taylor - Work on Vicia faba proves semiconservative replication
of DNA in eukaryotes.
38. 1960: Katherine Esau - Published “Anatomy of Seed Plants.”
39. 1961: Melvin Calvin - Nobel Prize.
40. 1962: Watson, Crick, and Wilkins - Nobel Prize.
41. 1963: Wheat varieties (Sonalika & Kalyan sona) introduced.
42. 1963: Two enzymes responsible for restricting the growth of bacteriophage in E.coli were isolated.
43. 1966: Derivative of IR-8 & Taichung native-I introduced.
44. 1969: Whittaker - Five kingdom classification.
45. 1971: Govt. of India legalized MTP.
46. 1971 : Diener- Discovered Viroid(free RNA without capsid).
47. 1972: Singer & Nicolson - Fluid mosaic model.
48. 1972: Stanley Cohen & Herbert Boyer - Formed Ist recombinant DNA.
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